extreme high and lows

Extreme Highs and Lows
place region distinction
Mount Everest The Himalaya of Nepal and China1 The summit of Mount Everest is the highest point on the Earth's surface as measured from sea level at 8,850 meters above the Geoid2. Mount Everest continues to rise at an average rate of about 40 millimeters per year as the Indian Tectonic Plate slides north under the Eurasian Plate.
Dead Sea Jordan, Israel, and Palestine3 The surface of the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the Earth's surface as measured from sea level at about 412 meters below the Geoid2. The Dead Sea is a salt lake with no outlet, so its surface level fluctuates significantly with inflow and evaporation.
Challenger Deep Mariana Trench of Pacific Ocean The Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the deepest point on the Earth's ocean floor as measured from sea level at 10,911 meters below the Geoid2. The Challenger Deep is more than 23% deeper than Mount Everest is high.
Chimborazo The Andes of Ecuador The summit of Volcán Chimborazo is the farthest point on the Earth's surface from the Earth's center of mass at 6,384,404 meters4.
North Pole Arctic Ocean The surface of the Arctic Ocean at the North Pole is the closest point on the Earth's surface to the Earth's center of mass at 6,356,752 meters4. The Arctic Ocean at the North Pole is covered by sea ice and snow most of the year, but the sea water opens occasionally in late summer.
Polar Deep Amundsen Basin of Arctic Ocean The Polar Deep in the Amundsen Basin is the closest point on the Earth's ocean floor to the Earth's center of mass at approximately 6,352,300 meters4. The Polar Deep is near the North Pole, but its exact location and depth have yet to be determined.
Note 1: The People's Republic of China has absorbed the nation of Tibet.
Note 2: A geoid is a mathematical model of the Earth used to define global mean sea level.
Note 3: An independent state of Palestine has been proposed, but not established.
Note 4: The Earth is oblate, i.e., fatter around the equator than at the poles.